Motivation

WHAT MAKES ME TICK?

In the mid 1950s Frederick Herzberg and his associates interviewed hundreds of engineers and accountants in Pittsburgh to find out why they found some events in their working lives highly satisfying and others highly dissatisfying.

On the basis of his findings Herzberg divided the influencing factors involved into two sets.

• One set he called Motivating Factors. These provided long lasting satisfaction to individuals;

• The other he called Hygiene Factors. These factors cause dissatisfaction if they are wrong.

However, it was found that if a person is given more of a hygiene factor it will either only reduce their dissatisfaction, or give them only a short lived sense of satisfaction.

Herzberg's "two factor" theory has been the cause of many controversial debates.

Like most black and white, "either or" pieces of analysis, binary interpretation achieves the appearance of simplicity but only at the cost of sacrificing elements of the truth, which is inevitably, more complex.

Money, for example, cannot be regarded only as a hygiene factor: it can serve as a tangible and necessary expression of recognition in some spheres.

Nonetheless, Herzberg's theory continues to have a powerful influence on the perception of job satisfaction and motivation. At its most practical it can help managers with a wider understanding of individual needs.

A diagrammatical representation of Herzberg's findings is shown overleaf.

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